Governance

The COIPA Board of Directors mainly acts with the aim of preserving and increasing the value of investments, to protect and benefit shareholders and partners. On an operational level, the Board directs and controls the activities of the company, ensuring the maintenance of safety, reliability and solvency standards with regard to all the stakeholders involved in the business areas of intervention, fully exercising the principle of responsibility towards their respective legitimate interests.

The Board of Directors also establishes the conduct within the company itself, provides direction and supervision, approves the strategic plans and assesses the performance of senior management. This also in accordance with the Code of Ethics adopted by the company.

The Board and the function offices that report to it are responsible for identifying and understanding the main risks of the activity in which the company is engaged, to achieve a proper balance between the risks incurred and the potential return to shareholders and to deed risk control systems oriented towards the pursuit and maintenance of the company's long-term greater profitability.

Download the company's Code of Ethics.

The Board of Directors of COIPAMINING (the "Company") has developed and adopted this Code of Ethics applicable to all Employees, Officers and Directors of the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to in this Code as "Employees") to promote honest and ethical conduct, full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure, and compliance with applicable governmental rules and regulations.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF CODE OF ETHICS

The Code of Ethics of COIPAMINING is based of six fundamental rules and principals, and in particular:
1) Honest, Lawful and Ethical Conduct;
2) Conflict of Interest and Corporate Opportunity;
3) Compliance and Disclosure;
4) Financial Reporting;
5) Accountability;
6) Health and Safety.

1. Honest, Lawful and Ethical Conduct
Employees owe a duty to the Company to act with the highest integrity. Integrity requires, among other things, being honest within the constraints of Company confidentiality, and dealing fairly and respectfully with suppliers, contractors, other employees, Government Officials or other third parties. While employees are expected to comply with all laws, rules, regulations and Government requirements in jurisdictions in which the Company does business, the general laws and ethics of European Union will preside; for example, the Company will not tolerate bribery, sexual harassment, abusive behavior, exploitation of child labor or abuse of human rights.

2. Conflict of Interest and Corporate Opportunity
Employees are expected to avoid all situations where personal interests or activities interfere or appear to interfere with the interests of the Company. Employees are prohibited from undertaking any activity which involves Company business for personal gain or advantage. Company assets are to be used only for legitimate Company business purposes. The Company discourages the receipt of gifts or entertainment from its business associates which may be seen as a bribe. Any of these conflicts or opportunities which have the potential to deprive the Company o f the employee's time and attention, create obligations or distractions which may affect sound judgment, or benefit the employee in an improper manner must be reported to the Company or the Chairman or the Vice-Chairman.

3. Compliance and Disclosure
The Company is committed to full and fair disclosure of information that shareholders and investors need to make reasoned investment decisions, including the disclosure of factual information about the Company's business, strategic objectives and ongoing activities on a consistent basis. When an event or action results in material information, the Company follows strict guidelines for the handling of this information and its release so that a full, accurate and comprehensive disclosure is made to the public. The Company complies with the laws and regulations governing publicly traded securities in Europe. Employees must adhere to the standards and restrictions imposed by those laws, rules and regulations. All employees have a duty to treat as confidential and abide by the Company's Insider Trading Policy when he or she becomes aware of undisclosed material information.

4. Financial Reporting
The Vice-Chairman and the Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), among others, are primarily responsible for the Company's financial disclosure. In addition, every officer and employee responsible for financial accounting matters must take all steps reasonably necessary to cause the disclosure in the Company's periodic reports to be full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable. The Vice-Chairman and CFO and such other employees are required to familiarize themselves with and conform to the accounting principles and disclosure requirements applicable to the Company as well as the business and financial operations of the Company. In the performance of their duties, employees are prohibited from knowingly misrepresenting facts. An employee will be considered to have knowingly misrepresented facts if he or she (i) makes, or permits or directs another to make materially false or misleading entries in an entity's financial statements or records; (ii) fails to correct materially false and misleading disclosure statements, financial statements or records; (iii) voluntarily omits to report material transactions; (iv) signs, or permits another to sign, a document containing materially false and misleading information; or (v) falsely responds, or fails to respond to specific inquiries of the Company's external auditors. Conduct with auditors must be carried out with the same honesty and integrity required of all business relationships. No improper influence, manipulation or misleading information will be utilized in any way by employees when communicating with the Company's auditors. Each employee shall promptly bring to the attention of the Company or the Chairman of the Board any information he or she may have concerning (i) significant deficiencies in the design or operation of internal controls which could adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data, or (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, or (iii) any actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships, involving any management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company's financial reporting, disclosures or internal controls.

5. Accountability
The Head of Legal & Compliance determines and recommends to the Board of Directors appropriate actions to be taken promptly in the event of violations of this Code of Ethics by employees. Such actions shall be reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote accountability for adherence to the Code of Ethics, and shall include the following: written notices to the individual involved in the violation, censure by the Board, demotion or re-assignment of the individual involved, suspension with or without pay or benefits (as determined by the Board) and termination of the individual's employment. In determining what action is appropriate in a particular case, the Board of Directors or such designee shall take into account all relevant information, including the nature and severity of the violation, whether the violation was a single occurrence or repeated occurrences, whether the violation appears to have been intentional or inadvertent, whether the individual in question had been advised prior to the violation as to the proper course of action, and whether or not the individual in question had committed other violations in the past.

6. Health and Safety
The Company provides an operating environment that is oriented to protect health and safety at its work sites for the benefit of its employees, contractors and community.

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES: SUSTAINABILITY AND CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY OF COIPAMINING
Compliance with the law, regulations, statutory provisions, self-regulatory codes, ethical integrity and fairness, is a constant commitment and duty of all COIPAMINING's People, and characterizes the conduct of COIPAMINING's entire organization. COIPAMINING's business and corporate activities has to be carried out in a transparent, honest and fair way, in good faith, and in full compliance with competition protection rules. COIPAMINING undertakes to maintain and strengthen a governance system in line with international best practice standards, able to deal with the complex situations in which COIPAMINING operates, and with the challenges to face for sustainable development. Systematic methods for involving Stakeholders (like as clients, banks, suppliers, employees, etcetera) are adopted, fostering dialogue on sustainability and corporate responsibility. In conducting both its activities as an international company and those with its partners, COIPAMINING stands up for the protection and promotion of human rights - inalienable and fundamental prerogatives of human beings and basis for the establishment of societies founded on principles of equality, solidarity, repudiation of war, and for the protection of civil and political rights, of social, economic and cultural rights and the so-called third generation rights (self determination right, right to peace, right to development and protection of the environment). Any form of discrimination, corruption, forced or child labor is rejected. Particular attention is paid to the acknowledgement and safeguarding of the dignity, freedom and equality of human beings, to protection of labor and of the freedom of trade union association, of health, safety, the environment and biodiversity, as well as the set of values and principles concerning transparency, energy efficiency and sustainable development, in accordance with International Institutions and Conventions. In this respect COIPAMINING operates within the reference framework of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fundamental Conventions of the ILO - International Labor Organization - and the OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises. All COIPAMINING's People, without any distinction or exception whatsoever, respect the principles and contents of the Code in their actions and behaviours while performing their functions and according to their responsibilities, because compliance with the Code is fundamental for the quality of their working and professional performance. Relationships among COIPAMINING's People, at all levels, must be characterized by honesty, fairness, cooperation, loyalty and mutual respect. The belief that one is acting in favor or to the advantage of COIPAMINING can never, in any way, justify - not even in part - any behaviours that conflict with the principles and contents of the Code.

II. BEHAVIOR RULES AND RELATIONS WITH STAKEHOLDERS
1. Ethics, transparency, fairness, professionalism

In conducting its business, COIPAMINING is inspired by and complies with the principles of loyalty, fairness, transparency, efficiency and an open market, regardless of the importance level of the transaction in question. Any action, transaction and negotiation performed and, generally, the conduct of COIPAMINING's People in the performance of their duties is inspired by the highest principles of fairness, completeness and transparency of information and legitimacy, both in form and substance, as well as clarity and truthfulness of all accounting documents, in compliance with the applicable laws in force and internal regulations. All COIPAMINING's activities have to be performed with the utmost care and professional skill, with the duty to provide skills and expertise adequate to the tasks assigned, and to act in a way capable to protect COIPAMINING's image and reputation. Corporate objectives, as well as the proposal and implementation of projects, investments and actions, have to be aimed at improving the company's assets, management, technological and information level in the long term, and at creating value and welfare for all Stakeholders. Bribes, illegitimate favours, collusion, requests for personal benefits for oneself or others, either directly or through third parties, are prohibited without any exception. It is prohibited to pay or offer, directly or indirectly, money and material benefits and other advantages of any kind to third parties, whether representatives of governments, public officers and public servants or private employees, in order to influence or remunerate the actions of their office. Commercial courtesy, such as small gifts or forms of hospitality, is only allowed when its value is small and it does not compromise the integrity and reputation of either party, and cannot be construed by an impartial observer as aimed at obtaining undue advantages. In any case, these expenses must always be authorized by the designated managers as per existing internal rules, and be accompanied by appropriate documentation. It is forbidden to accept money from individuals or companies that have or intend to have business relations with COIPAMINING. Anyone who receives proposals of gifts or special or hospitality treatment that cannot be considered as commercial courtesy of small value, or requests therefore by third parties, shall reject them and immediately inform their superior, or the body they belong to, as well as the Guarantor. COIPAMINING shall properly inform all third parties about the commitments and obligations provided for in the Code, require third parties to respect the principles of the Code relevant to their activities and take proper internal actions and, if the matter is within its own competence, external actions in the event that any third party should fail to comply with the Code.
2. Relations with shareholders and with the Market
2.1.Value for shareholders, efficiency, transparency
The internal structure of COIPAMINING and the relations with the parties directly and indirectly taking part in its activities are organized according to rules able to ensure management reliability and a fair balance between the management's powers and the interests of shareholders and of the other Stakeholders in general as well as transparency and market traceability of management decisions and general corporate events which may considerably influence the market value of the financial instruments issued. Within the framework of the initiatives aimed at maximizing the value for shareholders and at guaranteeing transparency of the management's work, COIPAMINING defines, implements and progressively adjusts a coordinated and homogeneous set of behavior rules concerning both its internal organizational structure and relations with shareholders and third parties, in compliance with the highest corporate governance standards at national and international level, based on the awareness that the company's capacity to impose efficient and effective functioning rules upon itself is a fundamental tool for strengthenig its reputation in terms of reliability and transparency as well as Stakeholders' trust. COIPAMINING deems it necessary that shareholders are enabled to participate in decisions which come within the limits of their competence and make informed choices. Therefore, COIPAMINING undertakes to ensure maximum transparency and timeliness of information communicated to shareholders and to the market - by means of the corporate internet site, too - in compliance with the laws and regulations applicable to listed companies. Moreover, COIPAMINING undertakes to keep in due consideration the legitimate remarks expressed by shareholders whenever they are entitled to do so.
2.2. Company information
COIPAMINING ensures the correct management of company information, by means of suitable procedures for in-house management and communication to the outside.
2.3. Privileged information
All COIPAMINING's People are required, while performing the tasks entrusted to them, to properly manage privileged information such as to know and comply with corporate procedures referring to market abuse. Insider trading and any behaviour that may promote insider trading are expressly forbidden. In any case, the purchase or sale of shares of COIPAMINING or of companies outside COIPAMINING shall always be based on absolute and transparent fairness.
2.4. Media
COIPAMINING undertakes to provide outside parties with true, prompt, transparent and accurate information. Relations with the media are exclusively dealt with by the departments and managers specifically appointed to do so; information to be supplied to media representatives, as well as the undertaking to provide such information, have to be agreed upon beforehand by COIPAMINING's People with the relevant COIPAMINING Corporate structure.
3. Relations with institutions, associations, local communities
COIPAMINING encourages dialogue with Institutions and with organized associations of civil society in all the countries where it operates.
3.1. Authorities and Public Institutions
COIPAMINING, through its People, actively and fully cooperates with Authorities. COIPAMINING's People, as well as external collaborators whose actions may somehow be referred to COIPAMINING, must have behaviours towards the Public Administration characterized by fairness, transparency and traceability. These relations have to be exclusively dealt with by the departments and individuals specifically appointed to do so, in compliance with approved plans and corporate procedures. The departments of the subsidiaries concerned shall coordinate with the relevant COIPAMINING Corporate structure for assessing the quality of the interventions to be carried out and for the sharing, implementing and monitoring of their actions. It is forbidden to make, induce or encourage false statements to Authorities.
3.2. Political organizations and trade unions
COIPAMINING does not make any direct or indirect contributions in whatever form to political parties, movements, committees, political organizations and trade unions, nor to their representatives and candidates, except those specifically contemplated by applicable laws and regulations.
3.3. Development of local Communities
COIPAMINING is committed to actively contribute to promoting the quality of life, the socio-economic development of the communities where COIPAMINING operates and to the development of their human resources and capabilities, while conducting its business activities according to standards that are compatible with fair commercial practices. COIPAMINING's activities are carried out in the awareness of the social responsibility that COIPAMINING has towards all of its Stakeholders and in particular the local communities in which it operates, in the belief that the capacity for dialogue and interaction with civil society constitutes an important asset for the company. COIPAMINING respects the cultural, economic and social rights of the local communities in which it operates and undertakes to contribute, as far as possible, to their exercise, with particular reference to the right to adequate nutrition, drinking water, the highest achievable level of physical and mental health, decent dwellings, education, abstaining from actions that may hinder or prevent the exercise of such rights. COIPAMINING promotes transparency of the information addressed to local communities, with particular reference to the topics that they are most interested in. Forms of continuous and informed consultancy are either promoted, through the relevant COIPAMINING structures, in order to take into due consideration the legitimate expectations of local communities in conceiving and conducting corporate activities and in order to promote a proper redistribution of the profits deriving from such activities. COIPAMINING, therefore, undertakes to promote the knowledge of its corporate values and principles, at every level of its organization, also through adequate control procedures, and to protect the rights of local communities, with particular reference to their culture, institutions, ties and life styles. Within the framework of their respective responsibilities, COIPAMINING's People are required to participate in the definition of single initiatives in compliance with COIPAMINING's policies and intervention programs, to implement them according to criteria of absolute transparency and support them as an integral part of COIPAMINING's objectives.
3.4. Promotion of "non profit" activities
The philanthropic activity of COIPAMINING is in line with its vision and attention to sustainable development. Therefore, COIPAMINING undertakes to foster and support, as well as to promote among its People, its "non profit" activities which demonstrate the company's commitment to help meet the needs of those communities where it operates.
4. Relations with customers and suppliers
4.1. Customers and consumers
COIPAMINING pursues its business success on markets by offering quality products and services under competitive conditions while respecting the rules protecting fair competition. COIPAMINING undertakes to respect the right of consumers not to receive products harmful to their health and physical integrity and to get complete information on the products offered to them. COIPAMINING acknowledges that the esteem of those requesting products or services is of primary importance for success in business. Business policies are aimed at ensuring the quality of goods and services, safety and compliance with the precautionary principle.
Therefore, COIPAMINING's People shall:
• comply with in-house procedures concerning the management of relations with customers and consumers;
• supply, with efficiency and courtesy, within the limits set by the contractual conditions, highquality products meeting the reasonable expectations and needs of customers and consumers;
• supply accurate and exhaustive information on products and services and be truthful in advertisements or other kind of communication, so that customers and consumers can make informed decisions.
4.2. Suppliers and external collaborators
COIPAMINING undertakes to look for suppliers and external collaborators with suitable professionalism and committed to sharing the principles and contents of the Code and promotes the establishment of long-lasting relations for the progressive improvement of performances while protecting and promoting the principles and contents of the Code. In relationships regarding tenders, procurement and, generally, the supply of goods and/or services and of external collaborations (including consultants, agents, etc.), COIPAMINING People shall:
• follow internal procedures concerning selection and relations with suppliers and external collaborators and abstain from excluding any supplier meeting requirements from bidding for COIPAMINING's orders; adopt appropriate and objective selection methods, based on established, transparent criteria;
• secure the cooperation of suppliers and external collaborators in guaranteeing the continuous satisfaction of COIPAMINING's customers and consumers, to an extent adequate to that legitimately expected by them, in terms of quality, costs and delivery times;
• use as much as possible, in compliance with the laws in force and the criteria for legality of transactions with related parties, products and services supplied by COIPAMINING companies at arm's length and market conditions;
• state in contracts the Code acknowledgement and the obligation to comply with the principles contained therein;
• comply with, and demand compliance with, the conditions contained in contracts;
• maintain a frank and open dialogue with suppliers and external collaborators in line with good commercial practice; promptly inform superiors, and the Guarantor, about any possible violations of the Code;
• inform the relevant COIPAMINING Corporate structure about any serious problems that may arise with a particular supplier or external collaborator, in order to evaluate possible consequences for COIPAMINING.
The remuneration to be paid shall be exclusively proportionate to the services to be rendered and described in the contract and payments shall not be allowed to any party different from the contract party nor in a third Country different from the one of the parties or where the contract has to be performed.
5. COIPAMINING's management, employees, collaborators
5.1. Development and protection of Human Resources
People are basic components in the company's life. The dedication and professionalism of management and employees represent fundamental values and conditions for achieving COIPAMINING's objectives. COIPAMINING is committed to developing the abilities and skills of management and employees so that their energy and creativity can have full expression for the fulfilment of their potential in their working performance, such as to protect working conditions as regards both mental and physical health and dignity. Undue pressure or discomfort is not allowed, while appropriate working conditions promoting development of personality and professionalism are fostered. COIPAMINING undertakes to offer, in full compliance with applicable legal and contractual provisions, equal opportunities to all its employees, making sure that each of them receives a fair statutory and wage treatment exclusively based on merit and expertise, without discrimination of any kind. Competent departments shall:
• adopt in any situation criteria of merit and ability (and anyhow strictly professional) in all decisions concerning human resources;
• select, hire, train, compensate and manage human resources without discrimination of any kind;
• create a working environment where personal characteristics or beliefs do not give rise to discrimination and which allows the serenity of all COIPAMINING's People.
COIPAMINING wishes that COIPAMINING's People, at every level, cooperate in maintaining a climate of common respect for a person's dignity, honors and reputation. COIPAMINING shall do its best to prevent attitudes that can be considered as offensive, discriminatory or abusive. In this regard, any behaviours outside the working place which are particularly offensive to public sensitivity are also deemed relevant. In any case, any behaviours constituting physical or moral violence are forbidden without any exception.
5.2. Knowledge Management
COIPAMINING promotes culture and the initiatives aimed at disseminating knowledge within its structures, and at pointing out the values, principles, behaviours and contributions in terms of innovation of professional families in connection with the development of business activities and to the company's sustainable growth. COIPAMINING undertakes to offer tools for interaction among the members of professional families, working groups and communities of practice, as well as for coordination and access to knowhow, and shall promote initiatives for the growth, dissemination and systematization of knowledge relating to the core competences of its structures and aimed at defining a reference framework suitable for guaranteeing operating consistency. All COIPAMINING's People shall actively contribute to Knowledge Management as regards the activities that they are in charge of, in order to optimize the system for knowledge sharing and distribution among individuals.
5.3. Corporate security
COIPAMINING engages in the study, development and implementation of strategies, policies and operational plans aimed at preventing and overcoming any intentional or non-intentional behaviour which may cause direct or indirect damage to COIPAMINING's People and/or to the tangible and intangible resources of the company. Preventive and defensive measures, aimed at minimizing the need for an active response - always in proportion to the attack - to threats to people and assets, are favored. All COIPAMINING's People shall actively contribute to maintaining an optimal corporate security standard, abstaining from unlawful or dangerous behaviours, and reporting any possible activities carried out by third parties to the detriment of COIPAMINING's assets or human resources to superiors or to the body they belong to, as well as to the relevant COIPAMINING Corporate structure. In any case requiring particular attention to personal safety, it is compulsory to strictly follow the indications in this regard supplied by COIPAMINING, abstaining from behaviours which may endanger one's own safety or the safety of others, promptly reporting any danger for one's own safety, or the safety of third parties, to one's superior.
5.4. Harassment or mobbing in the workplace
COIPAMINING supports any initiatives aimed at implementing working methods for the achievement of a better organization. COIPAMINING demands that there shall be no harassment or mobbing behaviours in personal working relationships either inside or outside the company. Such behaviours are all forbidden, without exceptions, and are:
• the creation of an intimidating, hostile, isolating or in any case discriminatory environment for individual employees or groups of employees;
• unjustified interference in the work performed by others;
• the placing of obstacles in the way of the work prospects and expectations of others merely for reasons of personal competitiveness or because of other employees.
Any form of violence or harassment, either sexual harassment or harassment based on personal and cultural diversity, is forbidden. Such harassment is for instance:
• subordinating decisions on someone's working life to the acceptance of sexual attentions, or personal and cultural diversity;
• obtaining sexual attentions using the influence of one's role;
• proposing private interpersonal relations despite the recipient's explicit or reasonably clear distaste;
• alluding to disabilities and physical or psychic impairment, or to forms of cultural, religious or sexual diversity.
5.5. Abuse of alcohol or drugs and no smoking
All COIPAMINING's People shall personally contribute to promoting and maintaining a climate of common respect in the workplace; particular attention is paid to respect of the feelings of others. COIPAMINING will therefore consider individuals who work under the effect of alcohol or drugs, or substances with similar effect, during the performance of their work activities and in the workplace, as being aware of the risk they cause. Chronic addiction to such substances, when it affects work performance, shall be considered similar to the above mentioned events in terms of contractual consequences; COIPAMINING is committed to favour social action in this field as provided for by employment contracts.
It is forbidden to:
• hold, consume, offer or give for whatever reason, drugs or substances with similar effect, at work and in the workplace;
• smoke in the workplace. COIPAMINING supports voluntary initiatives addressed to People to help them quit smoking and, in identifying possible smoking areas, shall take into particular consideration the condition of those suffering physical discomfort from exposure to smoke in the workplace shared with smokers and requesting to be protected from "passive smoking" in their place of work.

III. TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE CODE OF ETHICS
1. System of internal control
COIPAMINING undertakes to promote and maintain an adequate system of internal control, i.e. all the necessary or useful tools for addressing, managing and checking activities in the company, aimed at ensuring compliance with corporate laws and procedures, at protecting corporate assets, efficiently managing activities and providing precise and complete accounting and financial information. The responsibility for implementing an effective system of internal control is shared at every level of COIPAMINING's organizational structure; therefore, all COIPAMINING's People, according to their functions and responsibilities, shall define and actively participate in the correct functioning of the system of internal control. COIPAMINING promotes the dissemination, at every level of its organization, of policies and procedures characterized by awareness of the existence of controls and by an informed and voluntary control oriented mentality; consequently, COIPAMINING's management in the first place and all COIPAMINING's People in any case shall contribute to and participate in COIPAMINING's system of internal control and, with a positive attitude, involve its collaborators in this respect. Each employee shall be held responsible for the corporate tangible and intangible assets relevant to his/her job. No employee can make, or let others make, improper use of assets and equipment belonging to COIPAMINING. Any practices and attitudes linked to the perpetration or to the participation in the perpetration of frauds are forbidden without any exception. Control and supervisory bodies, COIPAMINING Internal Audit department and appointed auditing companies shall have full access to all data, documents and information necessary to perform their own relevant activities.
1.1. Conflicts of interest
COIPAMINING acknowledges and respects the right of its People to take part in investments, business and other kinds of activities other than the activity performed in the interest of COIPAMINING, provided that such activities are permitted by law and are compatible with the obligations assumed towards COIPAMINING. COIPAMINING's management and employees shall avoid and report any conflicts of interest between personal and family economic activities and their tasks within the company. In particular, everyone shall point out any specific situations and activities of economic or financial interest (owner or member) to them or, as far as they know, of economic or financial interest to relatives of theirs or relatives by marriage within the 2nd degree of kinship, or to persons actually living with them, also involving suppliers, customers, competitors, third parties, or the relevant controlling companies or subsidiaries, and shall point whether they perform corporate administration or control or management functions therein. Moreover, conflicts of interest are determined by the following situations:
• use of one's position in the company, or of information, or of business opportunities acquired during one's work, to one's undue benefit or to the undue benefit of third parties;
• the performing of any type of work for suppliers, sub-suppliers and competitors by employees and/or their relatives.
In any case, COIPAMINING's management and employees shall avoid any situation and activity where a conflict with the Company's interests may arise, or which can interfere with their ability to make impartial decisions in the best interests of COIPAMINING and in full accordance with the principles and contents of the Code, or in general with their ability to fully comply with their functions and responsibilities. Any situation that may constitute or give rise to a conflict of interest shall be immediately reported to one's superior within management, or to the body one belongs to, and to the Guarantor. Furthermore, the party concerned shall abstain from taking part in the operational/decision-making process, and the relevant superior within management, or the relevant body, shall:
- identify the operational solutions suitable for ensuring, in the specific case, transparency and fairness of behaviours in the performance of activities;
- transmit to the parties concerned - and for information to one's superior, as well as to the Guarantor - the necessary written instructions;
- file the received and transmitted documentation.
1.2.Transparency of accounting records
Accounting transparency is grounded on the use of true, accurate and complete information which form the basis for the entries in the books of accounts. Each member of company bodies, of management or employee shall cooperate, within their own field of competence, in order to have operational events properly and timely registered in the books of accounts. It is forbidden to behave in a way that may adversely affect transparency and traceability of the information within financial statements. For each transaction, the proper supporting evidence has to be maintained in order to allow:
• easy and punctual accounting entries;
• identification of different levels of responsibility, as well as of task distribution and segregation;
• accurate representation of the transaction so as to avoid the probability of any material or interpretative error.
Each record shall reflect exactly what is shown by the supporting evidence. All COIPAMINING's People shall cause that the documentation can be easily traced and filed according to logical criteria. COIPAMINING's People who become aware of any omissions, forgery, negligence in accounting or in the documents on which accounting is based, shall bring the facts to the attention of their superior, or to the body they belong to, and to the Guarantor.
2. Health, safety, environment and public safety protection
COIPAMINING's activities shall be carried out in compliance with applicable worker health and safety, environmental and public safety protection agreements, international standards and laws, regulations, administrative practices and national policies of the Countries where it operates. COIPAMINING actively contributes as appropriate to the promotion of scientific and technological development aimed at protecting the environment and natural resources. The operative management of such activities shall be carried out according to advanced criteria for the protection of the environment and energy efficiency, with the aim of creating better working conditions and protecting the health and safety of employees as well as the environment. COIPAMINING's People shall, within their areas of responsibility, actively participate in the process of risk prevention as well as environmental, public safety and health protection for themselves, their colleagues and third parties.
3.Research, innovation and intellectual property protection
COIPAMINING promotes research and innovation activities by management and employees, within their functions and responsibilities. Any intellectual assets generated by such activities are an important and fundamental heritage of COIPAMINING. Research and innovation focus in particular on the promotion of products, tools, processes and behaviours supporting energy efficiency, reduction of environmental impact, attention to health and safety of employees, of customers and of the local communities where COIPAMINING operates, and in general sustainability of business activities. COIPAMINING's People shall actively contribute, within their functions and responsibilities, to managing intellectual property in order to allow its development, protection and enhancement.
4. Confidentiality
4.1. Protection of business secret
COIPAMINING's activities constantly require the acquisition, storing, processing, communication and dissemination of information, documents and other data regarding negotiations, administrative proceedings, financial transactions, and know-how (contracts, deeds, reports, notes, studies, drawings, pictures, software, etc.) that may not be disclosed to the outside pursuant to contractual agreements, or whose inopportune or untimely disclosure may be detrimental to corporate interest. Without prejudice to the transparency of the activities carried out and to the information obligations imposed by the provisions in force, COIPAMINING's People shall ensure the confidentiality required by the circumstances for each piece of news they have got to know of because of their working function. Any information, knowledge and data acquired or processed during one's work or because of one's tasks at COIPAMINING, belong to COIPAMINING and may not be used, communicated or disclosed without specific authorization of one's superior within management in compliance with specific procedures.
4.2. Protection of privacy
COIPAMINING is committed to protecting information concerning its People and third parties, whether generated or obtained inside COIPAMINING or in the conduct of COIPAMINING's business, and to avoiding improper use of any such information. COIPAMINING intends to guarantee that processing of personal data within its structures respects fundamental rights and freedoms, as well as the dignity of the parties concerned, as contemplated by the legal provisions in force. Personal data must be processed in a lawful and fair way and, in any case, the data collected and stored is only that which is necessary for certain, explicit and lawful purposes. Data shall be stored for a period of time no longer than necessary for the purposes of collection. COIPAMINING undertakes moreover to adopt suitable preventive safety measures for all databases storing and keeping personal data, in order to avoid any risks of destruction and losses or of unauthorized access or unallowed processing. COIPAMINING's People shall:
• obtain and process only data that are necessary and adequate to the aims of their work and responsibilities;
• obtain and process such data only within specified procedures, and store said data in a way that prevents unauthorized parties from having access to it;
• represent and order data in a way ensuring that any party with access authorization may easily get an outline thereof which is as accurate, exhausting and truthful as possible;
• disclose such data pursuant to specific procedures or subject to the express authorization by their superior and, in any case, only after having checked that such data may be disclosed, also making reference to absolute or relative constraints concerning third parties bound to COIPAMINING by a relation of whatever nature and, if applicable, after having obtained their consent.
4.3. Membership in associations, participation in initiatives, events or external meetings
Membership in associations, participation in initiatives, events or external meetings is supported by COIPAMINING if compatible with the working or professional activity provided. Membership and participation considered as such are:
• membership in associations, participation in conferences, workshops, seminars, courses;
• drawing up of articles, papers and publications in general;
• participation in public events in general.
In this regard, COIPAMINING's management and employees in charge of illustrating, or providing to the outside data or news concerning COIPAMINING's objectives, aims, results and points of view, shall not only comply with corporate procedures relating to market abuse, but also obtain the necessary authorization from their superior within management for the lines of action to follow and the texts as well as reports drawn up, such as to agree on contents with the relevant COIPAMINING Corporate structure.

IV. CODE OF ETHICS SCOPE OF APPLICATION AND REFERENCE STRUCTURES
The principles and contents of the Code apply to COIPAMINING's People and activities. Any listed subsidiaries and power & gas sector subsidiaries subject to unbundling shall receive the Code and adopt it, adjusting it - if necessary - to the characteristics of their company, consistently with their management independence. The representatives indicated by COIPAMINING in the company bodies of partially owned companies, in consortia and in joint ventures shall promote the principles and contents of the Code within their own respective areas of competence. Directors and management must be the first to give concrete form to the principles and contents of the Code, by assuming responsibility for them both towards the inside and the outside and by enhancing trust, cohesion and a sense of team-work, as well as providing a behaviour model for their collaborators in order to have them comply with the Code and make questions and suggestions on specific provisions.

To achieve full compliance with the Code, each of COIPAMINING's People may even apply directly to the Guarantor.
1. Obligation to know the Code and to report any possible violation thereof
Each of COIPAMINING's People is expected to know the principles and contents of the Code as well as the reference procedures governing own functions and responsibilities. Each of COIPAMINING's People shall:
• refrain from all conduct contrary to such principles, contents and procedures;
• carefully select, as long as within their field of competence, their collaborators, and have them fully comply with the Code;
• require any third parties having relations with COIPAMINING to confirm that they know the Code;
• immediately report to their superiors or the body they belong to, and to the Guarantor, any remarks of theirs or information supplied by Stakeholders concerning a possible violation or any request to violate the Code; reports of possible violations shall be sent in compliance with conditions provided for by the specific procedures established by the Board of Statutory Auditors and by the Watch Structure of COIPAMINING;
• cooperate with the Guarantor and with the relevant departments according to the applicable specific procedures in ascertaining any violations;
• adopt prompt corrective measures whenever necessary, and in any case prevent any type of retaliation.
COIPAMINING's People are not allowed to conduct personal investigations, nor to exchange information, except to their superiors, or to the body that they belong to, and to the Guarantor. If, after notifying a supposed violation any of COIPAMINING's People feels that he or she has been subject to retaliation, then he or she may directly apply to the Guarantor.
2. Reference structures and supervision
COIPAMINING is committed to ensuring, even through the Guarantor's appointment:
• the widest dissemination of the principles and contents of the Code among COIPAMINING's People and the other Stakeholders, providing any possible tools for understanding and clarifying the interpretation and the implementation of the Code, as well as for updating the Code as required to meet evolving civil sensibility and relevant laws;
• the execution of checks on any notice of violation of the Code principles and contents or of reference procedures; an objective evaluation of the facts and, if necessary, the adoption of appropriate sanctions; that no one may suffer any retaliation whatsoever for having provided information regarding possible violations of the Code or of reference procedures.
2.1. Guarantor of the Code of Ethics
The Code of Ethics is, among other things, a compulsory general principle of the Organizational, Management and Control Model adopted by COIPAMINING according to Italian law. COIPAMINING assigns the functions of Guarantor to the Avvocato. Bruno Cirillo. The Guarantor is entrusted with the task of:
• promoting the implementation of the Code and the issue of reference procedures; reporting and proposing to the CEO of the company the useful initiatives for a greater dissemination and knowledge of the Code, also in order to prevent any recurrences of violations;
• promoting specific communication and training programs for COIPAMINING's management and employees;
• investigating reports of any violation of the Code by initiating proper inquiry procedures;
• taking action at the request of COIPAMINING's People in the event of receiving reports that violations of the Code have not been properly dealt with or in the event of being informed of any retaliation against COIPAMINING's people for having reported violations;
• notifying relevant structures of the results of investigations relevant to the adoption of possible penalties; informing the relevant line/area structures about the results of investigations relevant to the adoption of the necessary measures.
Moreover, the Guarantor of COIPAMINING submits to the Chief Executive Officer, a six-monthly report on the implementation and possible need for updating the Code.
2.2. Code Promotion Team
The Code is made available to COIPAMINING's People in compliance with applicable standards, and is also available on the internet and intranet sites of COIPAMINING and of subsidiaries. In order to promote the knowledge and facilitate the implementation of the Code, a Code Promotion Team reporting to the Guarantor of COIPAMINING has been established. The Team makes available within COIPAMINING all possible tools for understanding and clarifying the interpretation and the implementation of the Code. The members of the Team are chosen by the Chief Executive Officer of COIPAMINING upon proposal of the Guarantor of COIPAMINING. 3. Code review
The Code review is approved by the Board of Directors of COIPAMINING, upon proposal of the Chief Executive Officer with the agreement of the Chairman, after hearing the opinion of the Board of Statutory Auditors. The proposal is made taking into consideration the Stakeholders' evaluation with reference to the principles and contents of the Code, promoting active contribution and notification of possible deficiencies by Stakeholders themselves.
4. Contractual value of the Code
Respect of the Code's rules is an essential part of the contractual obligations of all COIPAMINING's People pursuant to and in accordance with applicable law. Any violation of the Code's principles and contents may be considered as a violation of primary obligations under labour relations or of the rules of discipline and can entail the consequences provided for by law, including termination of the work contract and compensation for damages arising out of any violation.

A. OBJECTIVES

The COIPAMINING Board of Directors (the "Board") has the responsibility to supervise the management of the business and affairs of the Company. The fundamental objectives of the Board are to enhance and preserve long-term shareholder value, to ensure that the Company operates in a reliable, safe manner and meets its obligations on an ongoing basis. The Board is accountable to and shall consider the legitimate interests of its shareholders and other investors such as government authorities, employees, contractors, customers communities and the public. The Board, shall set the standards of conduct for the enterprise, provide direction and oversight, approve strategic plans and evaluate the performance of senior management.

B. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Legal Requirements:
The Board has the responsibility to ensure that legal requirements have been met and documents and records have been properly prepared, approved and maintained. The Board has the statutory responsibility to exercise the powers of the Company directly or indirectly through the employees and agents of the Company; The directors in exercising their powers and discharging their duties must:
i. act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company; and
ii. exercise the care, diligence and skill that reasonably prudent people would exercise in comparable circumstances.
iii. the approval of interim and annual financial statements of the Company; and
iv. the adoption, amendment or repeal of the constating documents of the Company.
The Board has constituted and delegated certain of its duties and responsibilities to the following committees of the Board:
- Technical Board
- Advisory Board
- Corporate Governance, and
The scope, duties and responsibilities of which are mandated in their respective terms of reference.
2. Strategy Determination
The Board has the responsibility to ensure there are long-term goals and a strategic planning process in place for the Company and to participate with management directly in developing and approving the strategy by which it proposes to achieve these goals. The Board also has the responsibility for considering the annual operating budget including ensuring that it reflects the agreed upon strategies.

The Board of COIPAMINING and its committees have the responsibility to identify and understand the principal risks of the business in which the Company is engaged, to achieve a proper balance between risks incurred and the potential return to shareholders, and to ensure that there are systems in place which effectively monitor and manage those risks with a view to the long-term viability of the Company.

Environmental and responsibility in the mining industry in recent years, concerns the sustainability and the responsibility the business have became an increasingly high in many countries around the world.

Most of the companies of an recent study is evidence of increasing sophistication in the development of the social and environmental impact.

The social and environmental contributions of the business activity, the notion of sustainable development lies in progress within three dimensions: economic development, environmental protection and social cohesion.

Its principles are described as social progress that recognizes the needs of everyone, e?ective protection of the environment; prudent use of natural resources, and maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment.

The depletion of natural mineral resources is a major concern in the debate about sustainable development several viewpoints defend the possibility for mineral extraction to be sustainable:

• Depletion of mineral resources should be compen- sated by "generation of new wealth", which, in the form of useful lasting capital, can bene?t present and future generations.

• Mineral depletion is not an issue for the foreseeable future due to the possibility of recycling many non- fuel metals and minerals.

• Discovery of new mineral deposits, and the ad- vancement of technology for improved recovery of minerals from previously un pro?table deposits.

.

Enforcement Guidelines

Containing:

Enforcement principles with guidelines for controlling risk associated with non-compliance and for determining the appropriate action to take in cases of non-compliance. This guideline document has been developed for use by the Mine Health and Safety and will be reviewed from time to time, to incorporate new developments where appropriate. The guidelines are intended to assist and achieving a clear and consistent approach to the enforcement of the Mine Health.

The introduced the concepts of risk assessment and occupational health and safety management systems in the mining industry and this in turn, increased inconsistencies in interpreting the enforcement responsibilities. Please make full use of this document, which is the result of much hard work and which represents the current collective wisdom. Enforcement involves identifying contraventions; bringing these to the attention of the offender/s; requiring preventive or remedial action and where necessary, applying penalties. All stakeholders in the mining industry contribute to creating a safe and healthy industry. Whilst employers are primarily responsible for providing safe and healthy workplaces. Ensuring the health and safety of workers and the public affected by mining; Developing policies awareness of health and safety. Encouraging co-operation and continuous improvement in health and safety;

This document outlines the guidelines upon which enforcement decisions are made and aims to achieve: A structured framework for decisions concerning the levels of enforcement; Appropriate and timely enforcement interventions ,effective enforcement will in turn contribute to, a systematic and effective risk assessment and management practice in the mining industry

Transparency:

Enforcement measures must be transparent to enable stakeholders to understand what constitutes noncompliance with the provisions of their own obligations, enforcement action must be fair, consistent and equitable, taking into account the attitude towards health and safety, and actions of the alleged offender and any history of health and safety;

To facilitate the prevention of work-related death, injury and ill health, may make provision for formal or informal means of enforcement.
Information and education
This tier of enforcement takes the form of:
Letters to mine employers and mine equipment suppliers and/or manufacturers, advising of statutory obligation and recourse issues;
Education programmes or counselling sessions in the form of formal/informal meetings with stakeholders;

Guideline

All oral instructions must be confirmed in writing at the earliest opportunity and provision must be made for prior representation from stakeholders, except when the delay caused by allowing representation could endanger the health or safety of persons. Instructions enforcing compliance with any provisions of written instruction to order compliance within a specified period may be issued to an employer may recommend an administrative fine if s/he has reason to believe that an employer has failed to comply with any provision contemplated In cases were the following circumstances exist, Repetitive failure to comply with instructions issued in the interest of health and safety. The level of risk and the immediacy of the problem to be resolved will determine the level of enforcement to be applied, the enclosed chart lists the steps to be taken and the factors to be considered, in determining the appropriate action.

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people.

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law.

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations.

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge. Now, therefore, The General Assembly, Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.

No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.

Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.

Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries.

Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.

The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.

Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.

Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.

Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.

Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.

In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

Training in the field of Geology on the subjects like

Sampling
Mineral Inventory
Field Training on Structural Interpretation & Co-relation of Data
Field Training on Structural Mapping and Methodology of Reserves Estimation
United Nations Framework Classification for Reserve Estimation.

Training in the field of Mineral Processing, Mineral Beneficiation and Chemical Analysis on the subjects like

Chemical Analysis of Ores and Minerals
Mineral Beneficiation Techniques
Pilot & Large Scale Mineral Beneficiation Investigations

Training in the field of Administration & Others on the subjects like

Administrative Procedures, Accounts, Audit, Financial Rules, etc.
Writing of Annual Confidential Report
Stores Management.
Computer Operations.
GIS, Oracle Systems of Computer Application and Use.

Training for Industry Personnel

Preparation of Mining Plan/Scheme
Preparation of Mine Closure Plan
Field Training on Geology and Mining
Chemical Analysis & Beneficiation
Preparation of Environment Management Plan and Base Line Data Generation Techniques
Preparation of Mining Feasibility & Financial Analysis Techniques for Mining Projects.
United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) for Reserve Estimation

Lectures on Topical Interest

Arranged from time to time lectures on topical interest for the benefit of officers and staff of the Department.

Scope and purpose

This chapter reviews the available information on education and training in the local mining sector, especially with regard to H&S. It also includes information on related topics, such as adult basic education and training (ABET), the connection between education and safety, and approaches used in H&S programmes. The chapter aims to identify main trends and useful research which could facilitate the H&S efficacy of mineworkers or contribute to such a training approach. Specific features of the context, such as language use, are also considered in order to validate the grounding of this study.
The training logic of the Leon commission and the current involves three main facets or approaches to training provision. Firstly, workers should be trained to execute particular operations in ways that combine self-protection with the avoidance of risks to fellow workers and others who may be affected, including the general public. Secondly, induction and refresher training should be designed for all ranks of mine officials, focussing on the problems that represent the greatest risk to health and safety. Thirdly, adult education or ABET, is a primary intervention for the mining industry This reviews evidence of the logic of training and evidence of implementation to address all three facets or approaches. Apart from the negotiations and agreements are ongoing among the tripartite partners in the sector, including the milestones and targets.